What is TKR ?
Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is a surgical procedure where a damaged knee joint is replaced with an artificial implant to relieve pain and restore function. It is commonly performed for severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or knee injuries that do not respond to conservative treatments.
Indications
Common signs that may indicate the need for Total Knee Replacement include persistent pain, stiffness, deformity, and ineffective non-surgical treatments.
Severe knee pain that limits daily activities (walking, climbing stairs)
Stiffness & swelling that doesn’t improve with medications or therapy.
Knee deformity (bowing in or out of the leg)
Failed non-surgical treatments (pain relievers, injections, physical therapy).
Causes
Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is a surgical procedure where a damaged knee joint is replaced with an artificial implant to relieve pain and restore function. It is commonly performed for severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or knee injuries that do not respond to conservative treatments.
*Hover over each box to read more detailed information.*
Aging
Natural cartilage wear over time increases OA risk in older adults.
Joint Overuse & Mechanical Stress
Repetitive movements (e.g., kneeling, lifting, running) and past sports injuries can accelerate cartilage breakdown.
Obesity
Extra weight puts stress on joints and releases inflammatory chemicals that damage cartilage.
Genetic Factors
Family history and inherited collagen defects can make cartilage more vulnerable.
Joint Abnormalities
& Misalignment
Conditions like hip dysplasia or poor posture can lead to uneven joint stress and faster wear.
Previous Joint Injuries or Diseases
Fractures, ligament tears, or conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and gout can damage joints long-term.
Hormonal &
Metabolic Factors
Menopause-related estrogen decline and conditions like diabetes or metabolic syndrome can accelerate joint degeneration.
Surgical Procedure
Understanding Your Surgery: A simple, step-by-step breakdown of Total Knee Replacement to help you feel informed and confident about the procedure.
Preparation
-
The patient receives general anesthesia (asleep) or spinal anesthesia (numb from the waist down).
-
The knee is cleaned, and an incision is made (~6-10 inches).
Removal
-
Removal of damaged cartilage and bone from the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and the patella (kneecap).
Implant
-
An osseointegrated implant replaces damaged surfaces and fuses with the bone for a strong, lasting connection.
-
A medical-grade polyethylene spacer is also inserted to ensure smooth joint movement.
Closing
-
Stitches or staples are taken to close the
incision
*Hover over each box to read more detailed information.*
Recovery & Rehabilitation
Hospital Stay & Immediate Recovery
Hospital stay: Usually 1–3 days, depending on progress.
Pain Management: Medications (NSAIDs, opioids, nerve blocks).
Early Movement: Patients are encouraged to stand & walk within 24 hours with a walker or crutches.
Physical Therapy & Long-Term Recovery
-
Weeks 1-6: Daily exercises to restore movement & strengthen muscles.
-
Weeks 6-12: Gradual return to normal activities.
-
3-6 months: Full recovery for most patients.
-
1 year: Maximum improvement in strength & function.
Benefits
Pain relief and improved mobility.
Better quality of life—return to daily activities.
Long-lasting results implants last 20+ years.
Risks & Complications
Infection (rare, but serious).
Blood clots (prevented with movement & medications).
Implant wear or loosening over time.
Nerve or blood vessel injury (very rare).
Walk regularly and do physical therapy exercises.
Use supportive footwear with cushioning.
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the new joint.
Engage in low-impact activities (swimming, cycling).
Do’s
&
Don'ts
Avoid high-impact sports (running, jumping).
Don’t sit in low chairs or squat deeply.
Avoid twisting the knee forcefully.
